The Importance of Color Contrast in Signage: A Guide to Choosing the Perfect Background

When it comes to designing signage, choosing the right background color can make all the difference in ensuring legibility and readability. One often overlooked aspect is the brightness differential between the background and foreground colors. In this article, we will explore the importance of color contrast in signage and provide a guide on how to choose the perfect background color.

Understanding Brightness Differential

The brightness differential is calculated by subtracting the darker color from the lighter color, divided by the difference by the lighter, and multiplying by 100. This formula is based on light reflectancy (LR) readings in percentages for each of the two colors involved. A brightness differential of 70 percent or higher ensures legibility.

Color Contrast and Signage

According to Arthur & Passini's book 'Wayfinding,' a reliable calculating method to calculate contrast difference between two colors exists. Knowing the relationship between colors is the first step in developing a color scheme for signage and wayfinding systems.

The color wheel, developed by Goethe in his Theory of Colours (1810), provides an abstract illustrative organization of color hues around a circle that shows relationships between primary colors, secondary colors, and complementary colors. Complementary colors include red-orange, red-violet, yellow-orange, yellow-green, blue-violet, and blue-green.

Choosing the Perfect Background

When selecting a background color for your signage, it's essential to consider the brightness differential and contrast with the foreground color. Swiss painter and designer Johannes Itten created a color wheel that presents 12 color hues around in a circle showing relationships between the colors.

Color programs can distinguish signs from each other and offer an indication of the message without having to understand the language of the sign. In signage and wayfinding design, color is the combining factor to harmonize the sign with the environment.

When using colored text on a bright background, contrast will be weak. Optimal contrast results come from using white text against dark-colored backgrounds. The article will explore the meaning of color and how to differentiate color in information layers.

In conclusion, choosing the perfect background color is crucial for signage and wayfinding design. By understanding brightness differential and color contrast, designers can ensure legibility and readability while harmonizing signs with their environment. Whether you're a designer or simply interested in the world of color theory, this guide provides valuable insights into selecting the ideal background color for your next signage project.

Light blue background color